S100A4
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in motility, invasion, and tubulin polymerization. Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of this gene have been implicated in tumor metastasis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.
Full Name
S100 Calcium Binding Protein A4
Alternative Names
S100 Calcium Binding Protein A4; S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4 (Calcium Protein, Calvasculin, Metastasin, Murine Placental Homolog); Placental Calcium-Binding Protein; Fibroblast-Specific Protein-1; Protein Mts1; MTS1; CAPL; S100 Calcium Binding Protein A4 (Calcium Protein, Calvasculin, Metastasin, Murine Placental Homolog); Leukemia Multidrug Resistance Associated Protein; Malignant Transformation Suppression 1;
Function
Calcium-binding protein that plays a role in various cellular processes including motility, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and autophagy (PubMed:16707441, PubMed:23752197, PubMed:30713770).
Increases cell motility and invasiveness by interacting with non-muscle myosin heavy chain (NMMHC) IIA/MYH9 (PubMed:16707441).
Mechanistically, promotes filament depolymerization and increases the amount of soluble myosin-IIA, resulting in the formation of stable protrusions facilitating chemotaxis (By similarity).
Modulates also the pro-apoptotic function of TP53 by binding to its C-terminal transactivation domain within the nucleus and reducing its protein levels (PubMed:23752197).
Within the extracellular space, stimulates cytokine production including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and CCL24 from T-lymphocytes (By similarity).
In addition, stimulates T-lymphocyte chemotaxis by acting as a chemoattractant complex with PGLYRP1 that promotes lymphocyte migration via CCR5 and CXCR3 receptors (PubMed:30713770, PubMed:26654597).
Biological Process
Biological Process epithelial to mesenchymal transitionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:HGNC-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signalingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Cellular Location
Secreted
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
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