S100A4 Antibodies

Background

S100A4 is a small molecule calcium-binding protein, mainly existing in the cytoplasm of vertebrates, especially highly expressed in fibroblasts and immune cells. This protein participates in processes such as cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis by regulating cytoskeletal dynamics, and plays a key role in tissue repair and inflammatory responses. Its abnormal expression is closely related to tumor metastasis and fibrotic diseases. Research has found that S100A4 can promote angiogenesis and enhance the invasion ability of cancer cells. As a member of the S100 protein family, its three-dimensional structure features a typical EF-hand calcium-binding domain, which was first characterized by the E.B. Donato team in 1992. The study of the molecular mechanism of this protein provides an important direction for understanding the regulation of the tumor microenvironment and targeted therapy for diseases.

Structure Function Application Advantage Our Products

Structure of S100A4

S100A4 is a calcium-binding protein with a molecular weight of approximately 11.5 kDa. This molecular weight varies slightly among different species due to differences in amino acid sequences.

Species	Human	Mouse	Rat	Bovine
Molecular Weight (kDa)	11.5	11.6	11.5	11.5
Primary Structural Differences	101 amino acids, two EF hand domains	Site 76 is alanine	Position 87 is valine	There are three amino acid substitutions in the C-terminal helical region

The S100A4 protein is composed of 101 amino acids and forms a typical symmetrical homodimer structure. Each monomer contains two EF hand motifs, which are connected by a flexible hinge area. Its C-terminal helix contains specific target protein binding sites and can interact with non-muscle myosin and the like. The cysteine residues at positions 45 and 85 are involved in the formation of disulfide bonds and play a significant role in maintaining protein stability. The calcium ion binding of this protein induces conformational changes, exposing the hydrophobic binding interface, thereby regulating its interaction ability with cytoskeletal proteins.

Fig. 1 3D solution structure of the apo-S100A4 protein and structural domains of the S100A4 protein in linear mode.¹

Key structural properties of S100A4:

Symmetrical homodimer configuration
Two EF hands structure calcium ion binding domains
The flexible hinge area connects the helical structure

Functions of S100A4

The core function of the S100A4 protein is to regulate cell movement and proliferation. However, it is also involved in various pathophysiological processes, including tumor metastasis and tissue repair.

Function	Description
Regulation of cell movement	By combining with non-muscular myosin heavy chains, it affects cytoskeletal recombination and promotes cell migration.
Promotion of tumor metastasis	Enhancing the invasion ability of cancer cells and promoting angiogenesis are positively correlated with the metastatic potential of various cancers.
Participation in tissue repair	Regulate fibroblast activity in the process of wound healing, extracellular matrix remodeling.
Regulation of inflammatory response	Regulate the chemotaxis of immune cells and the secretion of inflammatory factors, and link chronic inflammation with tumorigenesis.
Calcium signal transduction	As a calcium sensor, it affects the activation of downstream signal pathways through conformational changes.

The biological effects of S100A4 are highly dependent on its dimerization state and cellular microenvironment. Its expression is restricted in normal tissues, but it is often significantly upregulated under pathological conditions, making it an important molecular marker in the disease process.

Applications of S100A4 and S100A4 Antibody in Literature

1. Liu, Shuangqing, et al. "S100A4 enhances protumor macrophage polarization by control of PPAR-γ-dependent induction of fatty acid oxidation." Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 9.6 (2021): e002548. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-002548

The article indicates that S100A4 within macrophages is the key driver driving their polarization towards a pro-cancer phenotype. It promotes tumor growth by up-regulating PPAR-γ, enhancing fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and uptake.

2. Zhou, Xiqian, et al. "ANXA9 facilitates S100A4 and promotes breast cancer progression through modulating STAT3 pathway." Cell Death & Disease 15.4 (2024): 260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-024-06643-4

The article indicates that ANXA9 is highly expressed in breast cancer and promotes progression. It inhibits apoptosis by mediating S100A4 to regulate the AKT/mTOR/STAT3 pathway and promotes angiogenesis by secreting S100A4 and cytokines. Targeting ANXA9 is a potential therapeutic strategy.

3. Wang, Ting. "The function of S100A4 in pulmonary disease: A review." Medicine 102.14 (2023): e33466. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000033466

The article indicates that S100A4 is abnormally expressed in various lung diseases such as lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis, participates in cancer metastasis, EMT and disease progression, and is a potential biomarker. This article aims to review its mechanism of action and research progress.

4. Bogachek, Maria, et al. "S100A4/FSP1: A Prognostic Marker and a Promising Target for Antitumor Therapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26.19 (2025): 9370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199370

The article indicates that the S100A4 protein drives cancer metastasis and shapes the tumor microenvironment. It is an important prognostic biomarker and a new focus in the development of targeted therapies (such as monoclonal antibody drugs), which is expected to overcome immunosuppression and chemotherapy resistance.

5. Garrett, Sarah C., et al. "S100A4, a mediator of metastasis." Journal of Biological Chemistry 281.2 (2006): 677-680. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.r500017200

The article indicates that S100A4 is a calcium-binding protein, and its conformational changes drive tumor metastasis. It binds to target proteins through a calcium ion-dependent mechanism, influencing cell invasion and migration, and is an important research target for cancer treatment.

Creative Biolabs: S100A4 Antibodies for Research

Creative Biolabs specializes in the production of high-quality S100A4 antibodies for research and industrial applications. Our portfolio includes monoclonal antibodies tailored for ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methodologies.

Custom S100A4 Antibody Development: Tailor-made solutions to meet specific research requirements.
Bulk Production: Large-scale antibody manufacturing for industry partners.
Technical Support: Expert consultation for protocol optimization and troubleshooting.
Aliquoting Services: Conveniently sized aliquots for long-term storage and consistent experimental outcomes.

For more details on our S100A4 antibodies, custom preparations, or technical support, contact us at email.

Reference

Bogachek, Maria, et al. "S100A4/FSP1: A Prognostic Marker and a Promising Target for Antitumor Therapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26.19 (2025): 9370.. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199370

Anti-S100A4 antibodies

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Mouse Anti-S100A4 Recombinant Antibody (EC223) (V2LY-0624-LY223)

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Target: S100A4

Host: Mouse

Antibody Isotype: IgG

Specificity: Human, Mouse, Rat

Clone: EC223

Application*: IH