The heart is a fist-sized muscular organ that serves as the body’s circulatory pump. It is located superior to the diaphragm with the base along to the body’s midline and the apex pointing toward the left side. The heart receives deoxygenated blood through the veins and delivers it to the lungs for transforming into oxygenated blood before pumping it to tissues throughout the body by the various arteries. Cardiac muscle tissue is the major part of the heart wall, which is unique to the heart and holds the responsibility for pumping blood. The cardiac muscle has evolved to have incredibly high contractile strength as well as endurance so that the heart beats powerfully and continuously throughout an entire lifetime without any rest. The finger-like extension structures (known as intercalated disks) between cardiac muscle cells allow the cardiac muscle to spread electrochemical signals quickly, which ensures the maintaining of heart’s own rhythm. Diseases of cardiac muscle are often serious or even deadly. A variety of target molecules are used to detect the cardiac muscle-related diseases.
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