TARBP2

HIV-1, the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), contains an RNA genome that produces a chromosomally integrated DNA during the replicative cycle. Activation of HIV-1 gene expression by the transactivator Tat is dependent on an RNA regulatory element (TAR) located downstream of the transcription initiation site. The protein encoded by this gene binds between the bulge and the loop of the HIV-1 TAR RNA regulatory element and activates HIV-1 gene expression in synergy with the viral Tat protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. This gene also has a pseudogene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

TARBP2 Gene(Protein Coding) TARBP2, RISC Loading Complex RNA Binding Subunit

Required for formation of the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC). Component of the RISC loading complex (RLC), also known as the micro-RNA (miRNA) loading complex (miRLC), which is composed of DICER1, AGO2 and TARBP2. Within the RLC/miRLC, DICER1 and TARBP2 are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto AGO2. AGO2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from DICER1 and TARBP2. May also play a role in the production of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) from double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) by DICER1.
(Microbial infection) Binds to the HIV-1 TAR RNA which is located in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HIV-1, and stimulates translation of TAR-containing RNAs (PubMed:2011739, PubMed:11438532, PubMed:12475984).
This is achieved in part at least by binding to and inhibiting EIF2AK2/PKR, thereby reducing phosphorylation and inhibition of EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha (PubMed:11438532).
May also promote translation of TAR-containing RNAs independently of EIF2AK2/PKR (PubMed:12475984).
Mediates recruitment of FTSJ3 methyltransferase to HIV-1 RNA, leading to 2'-O-methylation of the viral genome, allowing HIV-1 to escape the innate immune system (PubMed:30626973).

Biological Process global gene silencing by mRNA cleavageIMP:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process miRNA processingIDA:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process multicellular organism growthIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process negative regulation of defense response to virus by hostIDA:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process negative regulation of protein kinase activityTAS:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process neural precursor cell proliferationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process positive regulation of muscle cell differentiationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process positive regulation of translationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process positive regulation of viral genome replicationIDA:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process pre-miRNA processingIDA:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process regulation of miRNA maturationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process regulation of production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNAIBA:GO_Central1 Publication
Biological Process regulation of siRNA productionIEA:InterPro
Biological Process regulation of viral transcriptionIDA:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process RISC complex assemblyIDA:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process single fertilizationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process siRNA processingIDA:UniProtKB2 Publications
Biological Process skeletal muscle tissue regenerationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process spermatid developmentIEA:Ensembl