TMPRSS2

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the serine protease family. The encoded protein contains a type II transmembrane domain, a receptor class A domain, a scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain and a protease domain. Serine proteases are known to be involved in many physiological and pathological processes. This gene was demonstrated to be up-regulated by androgenic hormones in prostate cancer cells and down-regulated in androgen-independent prostate cancer tissue. The protease domain of this protein is thought to be cleaved and secreted into cell media after autocleavage. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq]

transmembrane protease, serine 2

Plasma membrane-anchored serine protease that participates in proteolytic cascades of relevance for the normal physiologic function of the prostate (PubMed:25122198).
Androgen-induced TMPRSS2 activates several substrates that include pro-hepatocyte growth factor/HGF, the protease activated receptor-2/F2RL1 or matriptase/ST14 leading to extracellular matrix disruption and metastasis of prostate cancer cells (PubMed:15537383, PubMed:26018085, PubMed:25122198).
In addition, activates trigeminal neurons and contribute to both spontaneous pain and mechanical allodynia (By similarity).
(Microbial infection) Facilitates human coronaviruses SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections via two independent mechanisms, proteolytic cleavage of ACE2 receptor which promotes viral uptake, and cleavage of coronavirus spike glycoproteins which activates the glycoprotein for host cell entry (PubMed:24227843, PubMed:32142651, PubMed:32404436, PubMed:34159616, PubMed:33051876).
Upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, increases syncytia formation by accelerating the fusion process (PubMed:34159616, PubMed:33051876).
Proteolytically cleaves and activates the spike glycoproteins of human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) and human coronavirus EMC (HCoV-EMC) and the fusion glycoproteins F0 of Sendai virus (SeV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human parainfluenza 1, 2, 3, 4a and 4b viruses (HPIV). Essential for spread and pathogenesis of influenza A virus (strains H1N1, H3N2 and H7N9); involved in proteolytic cleavage and activation of hemagglutinin (HA) protein which is essential for viral infectivity.

Biological Process positive regulation of viral entry into host cellSource:UniProtKB3 Publications
Biological Process protein autoprocessingSource:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process proteolysisSource:UniProtKB2 Publications

Cell membrane
Transmembrane protease serine
Secreted
Activated by cleavage and secreted.

Cytoplasmic: 1-84
Helical: 85-105
Extracellular: 106-492

Proteolytically processed; by an autocatalytic mechanism.