SUMO2
This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) protein family. It functions in a manner similar to ubiquitin in that it is bound to target proteins as part of a post-translational modification system. However, unlike ubiquitin which targets proteins for degradation, this protein is involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and protein stability. It is not active until the last two amino acids of the carboxy-terminus have been cleaved off. Numerous pseudogenes have been reported for this gene. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq]
Function
Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. Covalent attachment via an isopeptide bond to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex SAE1-SAE2 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I, and can be promoted by an E3 ligase such as PIAS1-4, RANBP2, CBX4 or ZNF451 (PubMed:26524494).
This post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. Polymeric SUMO2 chains are also susceptible to polyubiquitination which functions as a signal for proteasomal degradation of modified proteins (PubMed:18408734, PubMed:18538659, PubMed:21965678, PubMed:9556629).
Plays a role in the regulation of sumoylation status of SETX (PubMed:24105744).
Biological Process
Biological Process positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Biological Process protein sumoylationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Cellular Location
Nucleus
Nucleus, PML body
PTM
Polymeric chains can be formed through Lys-11 cross-linking. Polymeric SUMO2 chains undergo 'Lys-6'-, 'Lys-11'-, 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination by RNF4.
Cleavage of precursor form by SENP1 or SENP2 is necessary for function.
Monoubiquitinated N-terminally by UBE2W, which primes it for RNF4-dependent polyubiquitination by the UBE2V1-UBE2N heterodimer.
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