POMC
POMC is a preproprotein that undergoes extensive, tissue-specific, post-translational processing via cleavage by subtilisin-like enzymes known as prohormone convertases. There are eight potential cleavage sites within the preproprotein and, depending on tissue type and the available convertases, processing may yield as many as ten biologically active peptides involved in diverse cellular functions. The encoded protein is synthesized mainly in corticotroph cells of the anterior pituitary where four cleavage sites are used; adrenocorticotrophin, essential for normal steroidogenesis and the maintenance of normal adrenal weight. In other tissues, including the hypothalamus, placenta, and epithelium, all cleavage sites may be used, giving rise to peptides with roles in pain and energy homeostasis, melanocyte stimulation, and immune modulation. These include several distinct melanotropins and endorphins that are contained within the adrenocorticotrophin. The antimicrobial melanotropin alpha peptide exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with early onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency, and red hair pigmentation.
Full Name
Proopiomelanocortin
Function
Corticotropin
Stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol.
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha
Anorexigenic peptide. Increases the pigmentation of skin by increasing melanin production in melanocytes.
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone beta
Increases the pigmentation of skin by increasing melanin production in melanocytes.
Beta-endorphin
Endogenous orexigenic opiate.
Met-enkephalin
Endogenous opiate.
Biological Process
Antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptideIDA:UniProtKB
Calcium-mediated signalingISS:ARUK-UCL
Cell-cell signalingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Cellular pigmentationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Generation of precursor metabolites and energyManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Glucose homeostasisIEA:Ensembl
Killing of cells of another organismIDA:UniProtKB
Modulation of process of another organismIMP:UniProtKB
Negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor productionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL
Neuropeptide signaling pathwayIEA:UniProtKB-KW
Positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signalingISS:ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungusIDA:UniProtKB
Positive regulation of oxytocin productionIEA:Ensembl
Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL
Regulation of appetiteManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Regulation of blood pressureISS:UniProtKB
Regulation of corticosterone secretionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Regulation of glycogen metabolic processIEA:Ensembl
Response to melanocyte-stimulating hormoneISS:ARUK-UCL
Signal transductionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Cellular Location
Secreted By Similarity
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha and beta-endorphin are stored in separate granules in hypothalamic POMC neurons, suggesting that secretion may be under the control of different regulatory mechanisms.
Involvement in disease
Obesity (OBESITY):
A condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.
Obesity, early-onset, with adrenal insufficiency and red hair (OBAIRH):
An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early-onset obesity due to severe hyperphagia, pigmentary abnormalities, mainly pale skin and red hair, and secondary hypocortisolism.
PTM
Specific enzymatic cleavages at paired basic residues yield the different active peptides.
O-glycosylated; reducing sugar is probably N-acetylgalactosamine.
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Datasheet