MYOG

Myogenin is a muscle-specific transcription factor that can induce myogenesis in a variety of cell types in tissue culture. It is a member of a large family of proteins related by sequence homology, the helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins. It is essential for the development of functional skeletal muscle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Myogenin

Acts as a transcriptional activator that promotes transcription of muscle-specific target genes and plays a role in muscle differentiation, cell cycle exit and muscle atrophy. Essential for the development of functional embryonic skeletal fiber muscle differentiation. However is dispensable for postnatal skeletal muscle growth; phosphorylation by CAMK2G inhibits its transcriptional activity in respons to muscle activity. Required for the recruitment of the FACT complex to muscle-specific promoter regions, thus promoting gene expression initiation. During terminal myoblast differentiation, plays a role as a strong activator of transcription at loci with an open chromatin structure previously initiated by MYOD1. Together with MYF5 and MYOD1, co-occupies muscle-specific gene promoter core regions during myogenesis. Cooperates also with myocyte-specific enhancer factor MEF2D and BRG1-dependent recruitment of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling enzymes to alter chromatin structure at myogenic late gene promoters. Facilitates cell cycle exit during terminal muscle differentiation through the up-regulation of miR-20a expression, which in turn represses genes involved in cell cycle progression. Binds to the E-box containing (E1) promoter region of the miR-20a gene. Plays also a role in preventing reversal of muscle cell differentiation. Contributes to the atrophy-related gene expression in adult denervated muscles. Induces fibroblasts to differentiate into myoblasts (By similarity).

Cell cycle Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular response to estradiol stimulus Source: UniProtKB
Cellular response to growth factor stimulus Source: Ensembl
Cellular response to lithium ion Source: Ensembl
Cellular response to tumor necrosis factor Source: Ensembl
Muscle cell fate commitment Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Ossification Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of muscle atrophy Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of myoblast differentiation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of myotube differentiation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: NTNU_SB
Regulation of cell cycle Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of myoblast fusion Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: GO_Central
Response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation Source: UniProtKB
Response to electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation Source: UniProtKB
Response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation Source: UniProtKB
Skeletal muscle cell differentiation Source: GO_Central
Skeletal muscle fiber development Source: Ensembl
Skeletal muscle tissue development Source: ProtInc
Striated muscle atrophy Source: UniProtKB

Nucleus
Note: Recruited to late myogenic gene promoter regulatory sequences with SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A and SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling enzymes to promote chromatin-remodeling and transcription initiation in developing embryos.

Phosphorylated by CAMK2G on threonine and serine amino acids in a muscle activity-dependent manner. Phosphorylation of Thr-87 impairs both DNA-binding and trans-activation functions in contracting muscles (By similarity).