LPL

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (EC 3.1.1.34) is a member of the lipase gene family, which includes pancreatic lipase, hepatic lipase, and endothelial lipase. It is a water-soluble enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides in lipoproteins, such as those found in chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), into three free fatty acids and one glycerol molecule. It is also involved in promoting the cellular uptake of chylomicron remnants, cholesterol-rich lipoproteins, and free fatty acids. LPL requires ApoC-II as a cofactor.

LPL

Key enzyme in triglyceride metabolism. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides from circulating chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and thereby plays an important role in lipid clearance from the blood stream, lipid utilization and storage (PubMed:8675619, PubMed:11342582, PubMed:27578112).
Although it has both phospholipase and triglyceride lipase activities it is primarily a triglyceride lipase with low but detectable phospholipase activity (PubMed:7592706, PubMed:12032167).
Mediates margination of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in capillaries (PubMed:24726386).
Recruited to its site of action on the luminal surface of vascular endothelium by binding to GPIHBP1 and cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (PubMed:11342582, PubMed:27811232).

Cellular response to fatty acidISS:ARUK-UCL
Cellular response to nutrientISS:ARUK-UCL
Cholesterol homeostasisManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Chylomicron remodelingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Fatty acid biosynthetic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL
Fatty acid metabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Lipid catabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
Low-density lipoprotein particle mediated signalingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulusIEA:Ensembl
Phospholipid metabolic processBy SimilarityISS:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 productionISS:ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of chemokine productionManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of cholesterol storageManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of fat cell differentiationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of inflammatory responseISS:ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta productionISS:ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of interleukin-6 productionISS:ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of lipid storageManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation1 PublicationIC:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of sequestering of triglycerideManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor productionISS:ARUK-UCL
Response to bacteriumIEA:Ensembl
Response to coldIEA:Ensembl
Response to glucoseISS:AgBase
Response to xenobiotic stimulusIEA:Ensembl
Triglyceride biosynthetic processIEA:Ensembl
Triglyceride catabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Triglyceride homeostasisManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIGI:BHF-UCL
Triglyceride metabolic processBy SimilarityISS:BHF-UCL
Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodelingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL

Cell membrane
Secreted
Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix
Newly synthesized LPL binds to cell surface heparan proteoglycans and is then released by heparanase. Subsequently, it becomes attached to heparan proteoglycan on endothelial cells (PubMed:27811232).
Locates to the plasma membrane of microvilli of hepatocytes with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). Some of the bound LPL is then internalized and located inside non-coated endocytic vesicles (By similarity).

Hyperlipoproteinemia 1 (HLPP1):
An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by defective breakdown of dietary fats, impaired clearance of chylomicrons from plasma causing the plasma to have a milky appearance, and severe hypertriglyceridemia. On a normal diet, patients often present with abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly, lipemia retinalis, eruptive xanthomata, and massive hypertriglyceridemia, sometimes complicated with acute pancreatitis.
Hyperlipidemia, familial combined, 3 (FCHL3):
A disorder characterized by a variable pattern of elevated levels of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides or both. It is observed in a percentage of individuals with premature coronary heart disease. FCHL3 inheritance is autosomal dominant.

Tyrosine nitration after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge down-regulates the lipase activity.