HMGA1

This gene encodes a chromatin-associated protein involved in the regulation of gene transcription, integration of retroviruses into chromosomes, and the metastatic progression of cancer cells. The encoded protein preferentially binds to the minor groove of AT-rich regions in double-stranded DNA. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene have been identified on multiple chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

High Mobility Group AT-Hook 1

HMG-I/Y bind preferentially to the minor groove of A+T rich regions in double-stranded DNA. It is suggested that these proteins could function in nucleosome phasing and in the 3'-end processing of mRNA transcripts. They are also involved in the transcription regulation of genes containing, or in close proximity to A+T-rich regions.

Base-excision repair Source: UniProtKB
DNA unwinding involved in DNA replication Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB
Nucleosome disassembly Source: UniProtKB
Oncogene-induced cell senescence Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: BHF-UCL
Regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: GO_Central

Nucleus; Chromosome

A chromosomal aberration involving HMGA1 is found in pulmonary chondroid hamartoma. Translocation t(6;14)(p21;q23-24) with RAD51B.

Constitutively phosphorylated on two or three sites. Hyperphosphorylated at early stages of apoptosis, followed by dephosphorylation and methylation, which coincides with chromatin condensation. Isoforms HMG-I and HMG-Y can be phosphorylated by HIPK2. Phosphorylation of HMG-I at Ser-36, Thr-53 and Thr-78 and of HMG-Y at Thr-42 and Thr-67 by HIPK2 modulates DNA-binding affinity.
HMG-Y is not methylated.
Methylation at Arg-58 is mutually exclusive with methylation at Arg-60.