FGF2

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members bind heparin and possess broad mitogenic and angiogenic activities. This protein has been implicated in diverse biological processes, such as limb and nervous system development, wound healing, and tumor growth. The mRNA for this gene contains multiple polyadenylation sites, and is alternatively translated from non-AUG (CUG) and AUG initiation codons, resulting in five different isoforms with distinct properties. The CUG-initiated isoforms are localized in the nucleus and are responsible for the intracrine effect, whereas, the AUG-initiated form is mostly cytosolic and is responsible for the paracrine and autocrine effects of this FGF. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2

Acts as a ligand for FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4 (PubMed:8663044).

Also acts as an integrin ligand which is required for FGF2 signaling (PubMed:28302677).

Binds to integrin ITGAV:ITGB3 (PubMed:28302677).

Plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, cell division, cell differentiation and cell migration (PubMed:8663044, PubMed:28302677).

Functions as a potent mitogen in vitro (PubMed:1721615, PubMed:3964259, PubMed:3732516).

Can induce angiogenesis (PubMed:23469107, PubMed:28302677).

Mediates phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and thereby promotes retinal lens fiber differentiation (PubMed:29501879).

Activation of MAPK activity Source: ProtInc
Aging Source: Ensembl
Angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis Source: Ensembl
Animal organ morphogenesis Source: GO_Central
Branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis Source: UniProtKB
Cell differentiation Source: GO_Central
Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis Source: BHF-UCL
Chemotaxis Source: ProtInc
Chondroblast differentiation Source: UniProtKB
Corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation Source: Ensembl
Embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching Source: Ensembl
Embryonic morphogenesis Source: DFLAT
Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Glial cell differentiation Source: Ensembl
Growth factor dependent regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation Source: AgBase
Hyaluronan catabolic process Source: UniProtKB
Inositol phosphate biosynthetic process Source: DFLAT
Lung development Source: GO_Central
Mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of cell death Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of cell population proliferation Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of fibroblast migration Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of gene expression Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of wound healing Source: UniProtKB
Nervous system development Source: ProtInc
Organ induction Source: Ensembl
Paracrine signaling Source: ARUK-UCL
Phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process Source: DFLAT
Positive regulation of angiogenesis Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of cell division Source: UniProtKB-KW
Positive regulation of cell fate specification Source: MGI
Positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: MGI
Positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of endothelial cell migration Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation Source: GO_Central
Positive regulation of epithelial tube formation Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of gene expression Source: GO_Central
Positive regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of MAPK cascade Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of MAP kinase activity Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity Source: DFLAT
Positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of phospholipase C activity Source: DFLAT
Positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of protein phosphorylation Source: GO_Central
Positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCL
Positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation Source: BHF-UCL
Ras protein signal transduction Source: ProtInc
Regulation of angiogenesis Source: DFLAT
Regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis Source: BHF-UCL
Regulation of cell cycle Source: Ensembl
Regulation of cell migration Source: GO_Central
Regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis Source: BHF-UCL
Regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death Source: Ensembl
Release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol Source: DFLAT
Response to axon injury Source: Ensembl
Signal transduction Source: ProtInc
Stem cell development Source: Ensembl
Stem cell proliferation Source: ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Substantia nigra development Source: Ensembl
Thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell differentiation Source: Ensembl
Wound healing Source: UniProtKB

Nucleus; Secreted. Exported from cells by an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi-independent mechanism. Unconventional secretion of FGF2 occurs by direct translocation across the plasma membrane (PubMed:20230531). Binding of exogenous FGF2 to FGFR facilitates endocytosis followed by translocation of FGF2 across endosomal membrane into the cytosol (PubMed:22321063). Nuclear import from the cytosol requires the classical nuclear import machinery, involving proteins KPNA1 and KPNB1, as well as CEP57 (PubMed:22321063).

Phosphorylation at Tyr-215 regulates FGF2 unconventional secretion.
Several N-termini starting at positions 94, 125, 126, 132, 143 and 162 have been identified by direct sequencing.