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Mouse Anti-AQP4 Recombinant Antibody (EC81) (V2LY-0624-LY81)


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Summary

Host Animal
Mouse
Specificity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Clone
EC81
Antibody Isotype
IgG
Application
WB, IHC-P, IF

Basic Information

Immunogen
Synthetic Peptide.
Host Species
Mouse
Specificity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Antibody Isotype
IgG
Clonality
Monoclonal Antibody
Application Notes
ApplicationNote
WB1:500-1:2,000
IHC-P1:50-1:300
IF(CC)1:100-1:200

Formulations & Storage [For reference only, actual COA shall prevail!]

Format
Liquid
Buffer
PBS, pH 7.4, 50% glycerol
Preservative
0.02% sodium azide
Concentration
Batch dependent
Purity
>95% by SDS Page
Storage
Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.

Target

Full Name
Aquaporin 4
Introduction
This gene encodes a member of the aquaporin family of intrinsic membrane proteins that function as water-selective channels in the plasma membranes of many cells. This protein is the predominant aquaporin found in brain and has an important role in brain water homeostasis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. A recent study provided evidence for translational readthrough in this gene, and expression of an additional C-terminally extended isoform via the use of an alternative in-frame translation termination codon.
Entrez Gene ID
Human361
Mouse11829
Rat25293
UniProt ID
HumanP55087
MouseP55088
RatP47863
Alternative Names
Aquaporin 4; Mercurial-Insensitive Water Channel; MIWC; WCH4; Aquaporin Type4; Aquaporin-4; AQP-4;
Function
Forms a water-specific channel (PubMed:7559426, PubMed:8601457, PubMed:19383790).
Plays an important role in brain water homeostasis and in glymphatic solute transport. Required for a normal rate of water exchange across the blood brain interface. Required for normal levels of cerebrospinal fluid influx into the brain cortex and parenchyma along paravascular spaces that surround penetrating arteries, and for normal drainage of interstitial fluid along paravenous drainage pathways. Thereby, it is required for normal clearance of solutes from the brain interstitial fluid, including soluble beta-amyloid peptides derived from APP. Plays a redundant role in urinary water homeostasis and urinary concentrating ability (By similarity).
Biological Process
Cellular response to interferon-gamma Source: UniProtKB
Cellular water homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
Cerebrospinal fluid circulation Source: UniProtKB
Multicellular organismal water homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
Protein homotetramerization Source: UniProtKB
Renal water homeostasis Source: Reactome
Water homeostasis Source: UniProtKB
Water transport Source: UniProtKB
Cellular Location
Endosome membrane; Cell membrane; Basolateral cell membrane; Sarcolemma; Cell projection. Activation of the vasopressin receptor AVPR1A triggers AQP4 phosphorylation at Ser-180 and promotes its internalization from the cell membrane. Detected on brain astrocyte processes and astrocyte endfeet close to capillaries.
Topology
Cytoplasmic: 1-36 aa
Helical: 37-57 aa
Extracellular: 58-69 aa
Helical: 70-89 aa
Cytoplasmic: 90-93 aa
Discontinuously helical: 94-101 aa
Cytoplasmic: 102-115 aa
Helical: 116-136 aa
Extracellular: 137-155 aa
Helical: 156-176 aa
Cytoplasmic: 177-184 aa
Helical: 185-205 aa
Extracellular: 206-208 aa
Discontinuously helical: 209-222 aa
Extracellular: 223-231 aa
Helical: 232-252 aa
Cytoplasmic: 253-323 aa
PTM
Phosphorylation by PKC at Ser-180 reduces conductance by 50%. Phosphorylation by PKG at Ser-111 in response to glutamate increases conductance by 40% (By similarity).
Isoform 2: Palmitoylated on its N-terminal region. Isoform 1: Not palmitoylated.
More Infomation

Durozard, P., Rico, A., Boutiere, C., Maarouf, A., Lacroix, R., Cointe, S., ... & Audoin, B. (2020). Comparison of the response to rituximab between myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and aquaporin‐4 antibody diseases. Annals of neurology, 87(2), 256-266.

Sotirchos, E. S., Filippatou, A., Fitzgerald, K. C., Salama, S., Pardo, S., Wang, J., ... & Saidha, S. (2020). Aquaporin-4 IgG seropositivity is associated with worse visual outcomes after optic neuritis than MOG-IgG seropositivity and multiple sclerosis, independent of macular ganglion cell layer thinning. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 26(11), 1360-1371.

Duan, T., Tradtrantip, L., Phuan, P. W., Bennett, J. L., & Verkman, A. S. (2020). Affinity-matured ‘aquaporumab’anti-aquaporin-4 antibody for therapy of seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Neuropharmacology, 162, 107827.

Tamtaji, O. R., Behnam, M., Pourattar, M. A., Jafarpour, H., & Asemi, Z. (2019). Aquaporin 4: A key player in Parkinson's disease. Journal of cellular physiology, 234(12), 21471-21478.

Nakano, T., Nishigami, C., Irie, K., Shigemori, Y., Sano, K., Yamashita, Y., ... & Mishima, K. (2018). Goreisan prevents brain edema after cerebral ischemic stroke by inhibiting aquaporin 4 upregulation in mice. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 27(3), 758-763.

Wilson, R., Makuch, M., Kienzler, A. K., Varley, J., Taylor, J., Woodhall, M., ... & Irani, S. R. (2018). Condition-dependent generation of aquaporin-4 antibodies from circulating B cells in neuromyelitis optica. Brain, 141(4), 1063-1074.

Duignan, S., Wright, S., Rossor, T., Cazabon, J., Gilmour, K., Ciccarelli, O., ... & Hacohen, Y. (2018). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and aquaporin‐4 antibodies are highly specific in children with acquired demyelinating syndromes. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 60(9), 958-962.

Salman, M. M., Kitchen, P., Woodroofe, M. N., Brown, J. E., Bill, R. M., Conner, A. C., & Conner, M. T. (2017). Hypothermia increases aquaporin 4 (AQP 4) plasma membrane abundance in human primary cortical astrocytes via a calcium/transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV 4)‐and calmodulin‐mediated mechanism. European Journal of Neuroscience, 46(9), 2542-2547.

Eidsvaag, V. A., Enger, R., Hansson, H. A., Eide, P. K., & Nagelhus, E. A. (2017). H uman and mouse cortical astrocytes differ in aquaporin‐4 polarization toward microvessels. Glia, 65(6), 964-973.

Verkman, A. S., Smith, A. J., Phuan, P. W., Tradtrantip, L., & Anderson, M. O. (2017). The aquaporin-4 water channel as a potential drug target in neurological disorders. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets, 21(12), 1161-1170.

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For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.

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