XDH

Xanthine dehydrogenase belongs to the group of molybdenum-containing hydroxylases involved in the oxidative metabolism of purines. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Xanthine dehydrogenase can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification. Defects in xanthine dehydrogenase cause xanthinuria, may contribute to adult respiratory stress syndrome, and may potentiate influenza infection through an oxygen metabolite-dependent mechanism.

xanthine dehydrogenase

Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Has also low oxidase activity towards aldehydes (in vitro).

Biological Process activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process adenosine catabolic process Source:Ensembl
Biological Process allantoin metabolic process Source:MGI1 Publication
Biological Process AMP catabolic process Source:MGI1 Publication
Biological Process dAMP catabolic process Source:Ensembl
Biological Process deoxyadenosine catabolic process Source:Ensembl
Biological Process deoxyguanosine catabolic process Source:Ensembl
Biological Process deoxyinosine catabolic process Source:MGI1 Publication
Biological Process dGMP catabolic process Source:Ensembl
Biological Process GMP catabolic process Source:Ensembl
Biological Process guanine catabolic process Source:Ensembl
Biological Process hypoxanthine catabolic process Source:MGI1 Publication
Biological Process IMP catabolic process Source:MGI1 Publication
Biological Process inosine catabolic process Source:MGI1 Publication
Biological Process iron-sulfur cluster assembly Source:Ensembl
Biological Process lactation Source:Ensembl
Biological Process negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process negative regulation of gene expression Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process negative regulation of protein phosphorylation Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process negative regulation of vasculogenesis Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process Source:UniProtKB1 Publication
Biological Process xanthine catabolic process Source:UniProtKB2 Publications

Cytoplasm
Peroxisome
Secreted

Xanthinuria 1 (XAN1):
A disorder characterized by excretion of very large amounts of xanthine in the urine and a tendency to form xanthine stones. Uric acid is strikingly diminished in serum and urine. XAN1 is due to isolated xanthine dehydrogenase deficiency. Patients can metabolize allopurinol.

A disorder characterized by excretion of very large amounts of xanthine in the urine and a tendency to form xanthine stones. Uric acid is strikingly diminished in serum and urine. XAN1 is due to isolated xanthine dehydrogenase deficiency. Patients can metabolize allopurinol.