SOD2

This gene is a member of the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. It encodes a mitochondrial protein that forms a homotetramer and binds one manganese ion per subunit. This protein binds to the superoxide byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation and converts them to hydrogen peroxide and diatomic oxygen. Mutations in this gene have been associated with idiopathic cardiomyopathy (IDC), premature aging, sporadic motor neuron disease, and cancer. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016]

Superoxide Dismutase 2

Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.

Biological Process acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressureISS:BHF-UCL
Biological Process agingIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process cellular response to ethanolIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process cellular response to oxidative stressManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:GO_Central
Biological Process detection of oxygenIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process erythrophore differentiationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process glutathione metabolic processIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process heart developmentIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process hemopoiesisIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic processIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damageIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stressIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process iron ion homeostasisIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process liver developmentIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process locomotory behaviorIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process negative regulation of cell population proliferationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Biological Process negative regulation of fat cell differentiationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process negative regulation of membrane hyperpolarizationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process negative regulation of neuron apoptotic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIGI:BHF-UCL
Biological Process negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Biological Process negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL
Biological Process neuron developmentIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process oxygen homeostasisManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of cell migrationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic processIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic processIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL
Biological Process positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switchingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:BHF-UCL
Biological Process post-embryonic developmentIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process protein homotetramerizationManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIPI:UniProtKB
Biological Process regulation of blood pressureISS:BHF-UCL
Biological Process regulation of catalytic activityIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process regulation of mitochondrial membrane potentialIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:UniProtKB
Biological Process release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaISS:BHF-UCL
Biological Process removal of superoxide radicalsManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Biological Process respiratory electron transport chainIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to activityIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to axon injuryIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to cadmium ionIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to coldIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to electrical stimulusIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to gamma radiationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to hydrogen peroxideIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to hyperoxiaIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to hypoxiaIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to immobilization stressIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to isolation stressIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to L-ascorbic acidIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to lipopolysaccharideIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to magnetismIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to manganese ionIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to selenium ionIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to silicon dioxideIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to superoxideManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIMP:BHF-UCL
Biological Process response to xenobiotic stimulusIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process response to zinc ionIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process superoxide anion generationIEA:Ensembl
Biological Process superoxide metabolic processManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB

Mitochondrion matrix

Microvascular complications of diabetes 6 (MVCD6):
Pathological conditions that develop in numerous tissues and organs as a consequence of diabetes mellitus. They include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy leading to end-stage renal disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy remains the major cause of new-onset blindness among diabetic adults. It is characterized by vascular permeability and increased tissue ischemia and angiogenesis.

Nitrated under oxidative stress. Nitration coupled with oxidation inhibits the catalytic activity.
Acetylation at Lys-122 decreases enzymatic activity. Deacetylated by SIRT3 upon exposure to ionizing radiations or after long fasting (By similarity).
Polyubiquitinated; leading to proteasomal degradation. Deubiquitinated by USP36 which increases protein stability.