PTPRC
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitosis, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus is classified as a receptor type PTP. This PTP has been shown to be an essential regulator of T- and B-cell antigen receptor signaling. It functions through either direct interaction with components of the antigen receptor complexes, or by activating various Src family kinases required for the antigen receptor signaling. This PTP also suppresses JAK kinases, and thus functions as a regulator of cytokine receptor signaling. Alternatively spliced transcripts variants of this gene, which encode distinct isoforms, have been reported.
Full Name
protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C
Alternative Names
LCA; LY5; B220; CD45; L-CA; T200; CD45R; GP180; IMD105
Function
Protein tyrosine-protein phosphatase required for T-cell activation through the antigen receptor. Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation upon binding to DPP4. The first PTPase domain has enzymatic activity, while the second one seems to affect the substrate specificity of the first one. Upon T-cell activation, recruits and dephosphorylates SKAP1 and FYN. Dephosphorylates LYN, and thereby modulates LYN activity (By similarity).
(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human cytomegalovirus protein UL11 and mediates binding of UL11 to T-cells, leading to reduced induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple signaling proteins upon T-cell receptor stimulation and impaired T-cell proliferation.
Biological Process
Activation of MAPK activity Source: Ensembl
B cell differentiation Source: ARUK-UCL
B cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB
B cell receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Bone marrow development Source: UniProtKB
Calcium-mediated signaling using intracellular calcium source Source: ARUK-UCL
Cell cycle phase transition Source: UniProtKB
Cell surface receptor signaling pathway Source: ProtInc
Cellular response to extracellular stimulus Source: ARUK-UCL
Defense response to virus Source: UniProtKB
Dephosphorylation Source: UniProtKB
DN2 thymocyte differentiation Source: ARUK-UCL
Hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation Source: UniProtKB
Heterotypic cell-cell adhesion Source: Ensembl
Leukocyte cell-cell adhesion Source: Ensembl
Natural killer cell differentiation Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in substrate-bound cell migration Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of interleukin-2 production Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of microglial cell activation Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of protein autophosphorylation Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of protein kinase activity Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity Source: UniProtKB
Negative thymic T cell selection Source: Ensembl
Neutrophil degranulation Source: Reactome
Plasma membrane raft distribution Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of B cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of immunoglobulin production Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of interleukin-2 production Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of MAPK cascade Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of protein kinase activity Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of stem cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of T cell proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive thymic T cell selection Source: Ensembl
Protein dephosphorylation Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of cell cycle Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of gene expression Source: ARUK-UCL
Regulation of interleukin-8 production Source: ARUK-UCL
Regulation of phagocytosis Source: ARUK-UCL
Regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity Source: ARUK-UCL
Regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT Source: ARUK-UCL
Release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol Source: UniProtKB
Response to gamma radiation Source: Ensembl
Stem cell development Source: UniProtKB
T cell activation Source: ARUK-UCL
T cell differentiation Source: UniProtKB
T cell proliferation Source: Ensembl
T cell receptor signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Viral process Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular Location
Cell membrane; Membrane raft. Colocalized with DPP4 in membrane rafts.
Involvement in disease
Severe combined immunodeficiency autosomal recessive T-cell-negative/B-cell-positive/NK-cell-positive (T(-)B(+)NK(+) SCID): A form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. Patients present in infancy recurrent, persistent infections by opportunistic organisms. The common characteristic of all types of SCID is absence of T-cell-mediated cellular immunity due to a defect in T-cell development.
Multiple sclerosis (MS): A multifactorial, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Sclerotic lesions are characterized by perivascular infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes and appear as indurated areas in pathologic specimens (sclerosis in plaques). The pathological mechanism is regarded as an autoimmune attack of the myelin sheath, mediated by both cellular and humoral immunity. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia and bladder dysfunction. Genetic and environmental factors influence susceptibility to the disease.
Topology
Extracellular: 26-577
Helical: 578-598
Cytoplasmic: 599-1306
PTM
Heavily N- and O-glycosylated.
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Datasheet