NONO

This gene encodes an RNA-binding protein which plays various roles in the nucleus, including transcriptional regulation and RNA splicing. A rearrangement between this gene and the transcription factor E3 gene has been observed in papillary renal cell carcinoma. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Pseudogenes exist on Chromosomes 2 and 16. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

Non-POU Domain Containing Octamer Binding

DNA- and RNA binding protein, involved in several nuclear processes (PubMed:11525732, PubMed:12403470, PubMed:26571461).
Binds the conventional octamer sequence in double-stranded DNA (PubMed:11525732, PubMed:12403470, PubMed:26571461).
Also binds single-stranded DNA and RNA at a site independent of the duplex site (PubMed:11525732, PubMed:12403470, PubMed:26571461).
Involved in pre-mRNA splicing, probably as a heterodimer with SFPQ (PubMed:11525732, PubMed:12403470, PubMed:26571461).
Interacts with U5 snRNA, probably by binding to a purine-rich sequence located on the 3' side of U5 snRNA stem 1b (PubMed:12403470).
Together with PSPC1, required for the formation of nuclear paraspeckles (PubMed:22416126).
The SFPQ-NONO heteromer associated with MATR3 may play a role in nuclear retention of defective RNAs (PubMed:11525732).
The SFPQ-NONO heteromer may be involved in DNA unwinding by modulating the function of topoisomerase I/TOP1 (PubMed:10858305).
The SFPQ-NONO heteromer may be involved in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination and may stabilize paired DNA ends (PubMed:15590677).
In vitro, the complex strongly stimulates DNA end joining, binds directly to the DNA substrates and cooperates with the Ku70/G22P1-Ku80/XRCC5 (Ku) dimer to establish a functional preligation complex (PubMed:15590677).
NONO is involved in transcriptional regulation. The SFPQ-NONO-NR5A1 complex binds to the CYP17 promoter and regulates basal and cAMP-dependent transcriptional activity (PubMed:11897684).
NONO binds to an enhancer element in long terminal repeats of endogenous intracisternal A particles (IAPs) and activates transcription (By similarity).
Regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer (By similarity).
Important for the functional organization of GABAergic synapses (By similarity).
Plays a specific and important role in the regulation of synaptic RNAs and GPHN/gephyrin scaffold structure, through the regulation of GABRA2 transcript (By similarity).
Plays a key role during neuronal differentiation by recruiting TET1 to genomic loci and thereby regulating 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels (By similarity).
Plays a role in the regulation of DNA virus-mediated innate immune response by assembling into the HDP-RNP complex, a complex that serves as a platform for IRF3 phosphorylation and subsequent innate immune response activation through the cGAS-STING pathway (PubMed:28712728, PubMed:30270045).
Promotes activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in response to HIV-2 infection: acts by interacting with HIV-2 Capsid protein p24, thereby promoting detection of viral DNA by CGAS, leading to CGAS-mediated inmmune activation (PubMed:30270045).
In contrast, the weak interaction with HIV-1 Capsid protein p24 does not allow activation of the cGAS-STING pathway (PubMed:30270045).

Activation of innate immune responseManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:UniProtKB
Circadian rhythmISS:UniProtKB
DNA recombinationIEA:UniProtKB-KW
DNA repairIEA:UniProtKB-KW
Innate immune responseIEA:UniProtKB-KW
mRNA processingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc
Negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIDA:ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templatedISS:UniProtKB
Regulation of circadian rhythmISS:UniProtKB
Regulation of transcription, DNA-templatedManual Assertion Based On ExperimentIBA:GO_Central
RNA splicingManual Assertion Based On ExperimentTAS:ProtInc

Nucleus
Nucleus, nucleolus
Nucleus speckle
Chromosome
Detected in punctate subnuclear structures often located adjacent to splicing speckles, called paraspeckles.

Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic 34 (MRXS34):
A mental retardation syndrome characterized by intellectual deficit, delayed psychomotor development, poor speech, and dysmorphic features. Mental retardation is defined by significantly below average general intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period.

The N-terminus is blocked.