EWSR1

This gene encodes a multifunctional protein that is involved in various cellular processes, including gene expression, cell signaling, and RNA processing and transport. The protein includes an N-terminal transcriptional activation domain and a C-terminal RNA-binding domain. Chromosomal translocations between this gene and various genes encoding transcription factors result in the production of chimeric proteins that are involved in tumorigenesis. These chimeric proteins usually consist of the N-terminal transcriptional activation domain of this protein fused to the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor protein. Mutations in this gene, specifically a t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation, are known to cause Ewing sarcoma as well as neuroectodermal and various other tumors. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1 and 14. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009]

EWS RNA Binding Protein 1

Might normally function as a transcriptional repressor. EWS-fusion-proteins (EFPS) may play a role in the tumorigenic process. They may disturb gene expression by mimicking, or interfering with the normal function of CTD-POLII within the transcription initiation complex. They may also contribute to an aberrant activation of the fusion protein target genes.

Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Cell membrane. Relocates from cytoplasm to ribosomes upon PTK2B/FAK2 activation.

Ewing sarcoma (ES):
The protein represented in this entry is involved in disease pathogenesis. Chromosomal aberrations involving EWSR1 are found in patients with Ewing sarcoma. Translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12) with FLI1 (PubMed:1522903, PubMed:15044653). Translocation t(7;22)(p22;q12) with ETV1 (PubMed:7700648). Translocation t(21;22)(q22;q21) with ERG (PubMed:15044653). Translocation t(2;21;22)(q23;q22;q12) that forms a EWSR1-FEV fusion protein with potential oncogenic activity (PubMed:9121764).A highly malignant, metastatic, primitive small round cell tumor of bone and soft tissue that affects children and adolescents. It belongs to the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors, a group of morphologically heterogeneous neoplasms that share the same cytogenetic features. They are considered neural tumors derived from cells of the neural crest. Ewing sarcoma represents the less differentiated form of the tumors.
A chromosomal aberration involving EWSR1 has been found in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. Translocation t(9;22)(q22-31;q11-12) with NR4A3.
A chromosomal aberration involving EWSR1 is associated with desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT). Translocation t(11;22)(p13;q12) with WT1.
A chromosomal aberration involving EWSR1 is associated with malignant melanoma of soft parts (MMSP). Translocation t(12;22)(q13;q12) with ATF1. Malignant melanoma of soft parts, also known as soft tissue clear cell sarcoma, is a rare tumor developing in tendons and aponeuroses.
A chromosomal aberration involving EWSR1 is associated with small round cell sarcoma. Translocation t(11;22)(p36.1;q12) with PATZ1.
Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH):
The gene represented in this entry is involved in disease pathogenesis. Chromosomal aberrations involving EWSR1 are found in patients with angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Translocation t(12;22)(q13;q12) with ATF1 generates a chimeric EWSR1/ATF1 protein (PubMed:15884099). Translocation t(2;22)(q33;q12) with CREB1 generates a EWSR1/CREB1 fusion gene that is most common genetic abnormality in this tumor type (PubMed:17724745). A distinct variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma that typically occurs in children and adolescents and is manifest by nodular subcutaneous growth. Characteristic microscopic features include lobulated sheets of histiocyte-like cells intimately associated with areas of hemorrhage and cystic pseudovascular spaces, as well as a striking cuffing of inflammatory cells, mimicking a lymph node metastasis.
EFPS arise due to chromosomal translocations in which EWSR1 is fused to a variety of cellular transcription factors. EFPS are very potent transcriptional activators dependent on the EAD and a C-terminal DNA-binding domain contributed by the fusion partner. The spectrum of malignancies associated with EFPS are thought to arise via EFP-induced transcriptional deregulation, with the tumor phenotype specified by the EWSR1 fusion partner and cell type. Transcriptional repression of the transforming growth factor beta type II receptor (TGF beta RII) is an important target of the EWS-FLI1, EWS-ERG, or EWS-ETV1 oncogene.

Phosphorylated; calmodulin-binding inhibits phosphorylation of Ser-266.
Highly methylated on arginine residues. Methylation is mediated by PRMT1 and, at lower level by PRMT8.