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EIF2S1

The translation initiation factor EIF2 catalyzes the first regulated step of protein synthesis initiation, promoting the binding of the initiator tRNA to 40S ribosomal subunits. Binding occurs as a ternary complex of methionyl-tRNA, EIF2, and GTP. EIF2 is composed of 3 nonidentical subunits, the 36-kD EIF2-alpha subunit (EIF2S1), the 38-kD EIF2-beta subunit (EIF2S2; MIM 603908), and the 52-kD EIF2-gamma subunit (EIF2S3; MIM 300161). The rate of formation of the ternary complex is modulated by the phosphorylation state of EIF2-alpha (Ernst et al., 1987 [PubMed 2948954]).[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2010]
Full Name
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 Subunit Alpha
Research Area
Functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA (PubMed:16289705).

This complex binds to a 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by mRNA binding to form a 43S pre-initiation complex (PubMed:16289705).

Junction of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex is preceded by hydrolysis of the GTP bound to eIF-2 and release of an eIF-2-GDP binary complex (PubMed:16289705).

In order for eIF-2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF-2 must exchange with GTP by way of a reaction catalyzed by eIF-2B (PubMed:16289705).

EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha is a key component of the integrated stress response (ISR), required for adaptation to various stress: phosphorylation by metabolic-stress sensing protein kinases (EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2) in response to stress converts EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to an attenuation of cap-dependent translation, while concomitantly initiating the preferential translation of ISR-specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activators ATF4 and QRICH1, and hence allowing ATF4- and QRICH1-mediated reprogramming (PubMed:19131336, PubMed:33384352).
Biological Process
Aging Source: Ensembl
Cellular response to amino acid starvation Source: UniProtKB
Cellular response to heat Source: Ensembl
Cellular response to oxidative stress Source: ARUK-UCL
Cellular response to UV Source: UniProtKB
Negative regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of translational initiation in response to stress Source: UniProtKB
PERK-mediated unfolded protein response Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of neuron death Source: ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process Source: Ensembl
Protein autophosphorylation Source: Ensembl
Response to endoplasmic reticulum stress Source: UniProtKB
Response to manganese-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress Source: Ensembl
Stress granule assembly Source: ARUK-UCL
Cellular Location
Stress granule. Colocalizes with NANOS3 in the stress granules.
PTM
Phosphorylation at Ser-49 and Ser-52 stabilizes the eIF-2/GDP/eIF-2B complex and prevents GDP/GTP exchange reaction, thus impairing the recycling of eIF-2 between successive rounds of initiation and leading to global inhibition of translation, while concomitantly initiating the preferential translation of integrated stress response (ISR)-specific mRNAs (PubMed:15207627, PubMed:18032499, PubMed:19131336). Substrate for at least 4 kinases: EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2 (By similarity). Phosphorylated; phosphorylation on Ser-52 by the EIF2AK4/GCN2 protein kinase occurs in response to amino acid starvation and UV irradiation (By similarity).
(Microbial infection) Phosphorylation by vaccinia virus protein E3 and rotavirus A stabilizes the eIF-2/GDP/eIF-2B complex and prevents GDP/GTP exchange reaction, thus impairing the recycling of eIF-2 between successive rounds of initiation and leading to global inhibition of translation.

Anti-EIF2S1 antibodies

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Target: EIF2S1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human
Clone: CBNH-134
Application*: E, WB, IH, IF
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human
Clone: 1E2
Application*: IP, WB, M
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human
Clone: 1C11
Application*: IP, M
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Clone: CAP680
Application*: IF, WB
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG2b, κ
Specificity: Human
Clone: CAP1030
Application*: Dot blot, ELISA, WB
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human, Mouse
Clone: CAP679
Application*: IF, WB
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human
Clone: RM298
Application*: IHC, WB
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG2b
Specificity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Clone: L57A5
Application*: WB, P
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1, κ
Specificity: Human
Clone: 3H12-C11
Application*: WB, E
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Application*: WB, IH, IF
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human
Clone: E90
Application*: IC/IF
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Clone: D9G8
Application*: WB
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Clone: 9B148(119A11)
Application*: IH, IP, WB
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Rat
Antibody Isotype: IgG2b
Specificity: Human
Clone: 849159
Application*: WB
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Clone: 119A11
Application*: WB, IP, P
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human, Rat, Dog
Clone: CBFYE-0666
Application*: WB, F, IH, IF, P
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG2a
Specificity: Human
Clone: CBFYE-0665
Application*: WB, F, IH, IF, P
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human
Clone: CBFYE-0664
Application*: F, IF
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG2b
Specificity: Human, Monkey, Mouse, Rat
Clone: CBFYE-0663
Application*: IH, WB
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Rabbit
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human, Monkey, Mouse, Rat
Clone: CBFYE-0662
Application*: IH, IP, WB
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human, Dog, Rat, Monkey
Clone: CBFYE-0661
Application*: WB, IH, IF, F
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human, Dog, Rat, Monkey
Clone: CBFYE-0660
Application*: WB, IH
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG2b, κ
Specificity: Human
Clone: CBFYE-0104
Application*: WB, E
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG
Specificity: Human
Clone: PEIF2S1AT
Application*: E, WB
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG1
Specificity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Clone: EIF2S1A2B8
Application*: DB, IC, WB, F
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG2b, κ
Specificity: Human
Clone: AT5E10
Application*: E, IH, WB
Target: EIF2S1
Host: Mouse
Antibody Isotype: IgG2b
Specificity: Human, Mouse, Rat
Clone: 2E4-F5-E7
Application*: WB, IF, IP, IC
More Infomation
For Research Use Only. Not For Clinical Use.
(P): Predicted
* Abbreviations
IFImmunofluorescence
IHImmunohistochemistry
IPImmunoprecipitation
WBWestern Blot
EELISA
MMicroarray
CIChromatin Immunoprecipitation
FFlow Cytometry
FNFunction Assay
IDImmunodiffusion
RRadioimmunoassay
TCTissue Culture
GSGel Supershift
NNeutralization
BBlocking
AActivation
IInhibition
DDepletion
ESELISpot
DBDot Blot
MCMass Cytometry/CyTOF
CTCytotoxicity
SStimulation
AGAgonist
APApoptosis
IMImmunomicroscopy
BABioassay
CSCostimulation
EMElectron Microscopy
IEImmunoelectrophoresis
PAPeptide Array
ICImmunocytochemistry
PEPeptide ELISA
MDMeDIP
SHIn situ hybridization
IAEnzyme Immunoassay
SEsandwich ELISA
PLProximity Ligation Assay
ECELISA(Cap)
EDELISA(Det)
BIBioimaging
IOImmunoassay
LFLateral Flow Immunoassay
LALuminex Assay
CImmunohistochemistry-Frozen Sections
PImmunohistologyp-Paraffin Sections
ISIntracellular Staining for Flow Cytometry
MSElectrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
RIRNA Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation (RIP)
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