CX3CL1

CX3CL1 (Chemokine (C-X3-C Motif) Ligand 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CX3CL1 include rheumatoid vasculitis and tauopathy. Among its related pathways are Signaling by GPCR and Akt Signaling. GO annotations related to this gene include receptor binding and chemokine activity.

C-X3-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1

Chemokine that acts as a ligand for both CX3CR1 and integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA4:ITGB1 (PubMed:9782118, PubMed:12055230, PubMed:23125415, PubMed:9931005, PubMed:21829356).

The CX3CR1-CX3CL1 signaling exerts distinct functions in different tissue compartments, such as immune response, inflammation, cell adhesion and chemotaxis (PubMed:9024663, PubMed:9177350, PubMed:9782118, PubMed:12055230).

Regulates leukocyte adhesion and migration processes at the endothelium (PubMed:9024663, PubMed:9177350).

Can activate integrins in both a CX3CR1-dependent and CX3CR1-independent manner (PubMed:23125415, PubMed:24789099).

In the presence of CX3CR1, activates integrins by binding to the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) in integrins (PubMed:23125415, PubMed:24789099).

In the absence of CX3CR1, binds to a second site (site 2) in integrins which is distinct from site 1 and enhances the binding of other integrin ligands to site 1 (PubMed:23125415, PubMed:24789099).

Processed fractalkine:
The soluble form is chemotactic for T-cells and monocytes, but not for neutrophils.

Fractalkine:
The membrane-bound form promotes adhesion of those leukocytes to endothelial cells.

Aging Source: ARUK-UCL
Autocrine signaling Source: ARUK-UCL
Cell adhesion Source: ARUK-UCL
Cell-cell adhesion Source: ARUK-UCL
Cell-cell signaling Source: ARUK-UCL
Cell chemotaxis Source: ARUK-UCL
Cellular response to interferon-gamma Source: GO_Central
Cellular response to interleukin-1 Source: GO_Central
Cellular response to tumor necrosis factor Source: GO_Central
Chemokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: ARUK-UCL
Chemotaxis Source: UniProtKB
Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Defense response Source: UniProtKB
Eosinophil chemotaxis Source: GO_Central
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: ARUK-UCL
Immune response Source: UniProtKB
Inflammatory response Source: GO_Central
Integrin activation Source: UniProtKB
Leukocyte adhesive activation Source: UniProtKB
Leukocyte chemotaxis Source: UniProtKB
Leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response Source: UniProtKB
Lymphocyte chemotaxis Source: GO_Central
Microglial cell activation Source: ARUK-UCL
Microglial cell proliferation Source: ARUK-UCL
Monocyte chemotaxis Source: GO_Central
Negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of cell migration Source: BHF-UCL
Negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of interleukin-6 production Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of microglial cell activation Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of neuron migration Source: ARUK-UCL
Negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production Source: ARUK-UCL
Neuron cellular homeostasis Source: ARUK-UCL
Neuron remodeling Source: ARUK-UCL
Neutrophil chemotaxis Source: GO_Central
Positive chemotaxis Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of actin filament bundle assembly Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of cell population proliferation Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade Source: GO_Central
Positive regulation of GTPase activity Source: GO_Central
Positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of inflammatory response Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of MAPK cascade Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of microglial cell migration Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of neuron projection development Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation Source: ARUK-UCL
Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: ARUK-UCL
Regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway Source: ARUK-UCL
Regulation of neurogenesis Source: ARUK-UCL
Regulation of synaptic plasticity Source: ARUK-UCL
Response to ischemia Source: ARUK-UCL
Synapse pruning Source: ARUK-UCL

Cell membrane
Processed fractalkine: Secreted

Extracellular: 25-341
Helical: 342-362
Cytoplasmic: 363-397

A soluble short 95 kDa form may be released by proteolytic cleavage from the long membrane-anchored form.
O-glycosylated with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans.