CRTC1

CRTC1 (CREB Regulated Transcription Coactivator 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CRTC1 include Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma and Clear Cell Hidradenoma. Among its related pathways are Mesodermal Commitment Pathway and Organelle biogenesis and maintenance. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include cAMP response element binding protein binding. An important paralog of this gene is CRTC2.

Full Name

CREB Regulated Transcription Coactivator 1

Function

Transcriptional coactivator for CREB1 which activates transcription through both consensus and variant cAMP response element (CRE) sites. Acts as a coactivator, in the SIK/TORC signaling pathway, being active when dephosphorylated and acts independently of CREB1 'Ser-133' phosphorylation. Enhances the interaction of CREB1 with TAF4. Regulates the expression of specific CREB-activated genes such as the steroidogenic gene, StAR. Potent coactivator of PGC1alpha and inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells. In the hippocampus, involved in late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP) maintenance at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. May be required for dendritic growth of developing cortical neurons (By similarity).

In concert with SIK1, regulates the light-induced entrainment of the circadian clock. In response to light stimulus, coactivates the CREB-mediated transcription of PER1 which plays an important role in the photic entrainment of the circadian clock.

(Microbial infection) Plays a role of coactivator for TAX activation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) long terminal repeats (LTR).

Biological Process

Energy homeostasis Source: Ensembl
Entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod Source: UniProtKB
Memory Source: Ensembl
Negative regulation of membrane hyperpolarization Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of dendrite development Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Source: UniProtKB
Postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway Source: Ensembl
Protein homotetramerization Source: InterPro
Rhythmic process Source: UniProtKB-KW
Viral process Source: UniProtKB-KW

Cellular Location

Cytoplasm; Nucleus. Cytoplasmic when phosphorylated by SIK or AMPK and when sequestered by 14-3-3 proteins (PubMed:16817901). Translocated to the nucleus on Ser-151 dephosphorylation, instigated by a number of factors including calcium ion and cAMP levels (PubMed:15589160). Light stimulation triggers a nuclear accumulation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain (By similarity).

Involvement in disease

A chromosomal aberration involving CRTC1 is found in mucoepidermoid carcinomas, benign Warthin tumors and clear cell hidradenomas. Translocation t(11;19)(q21;p13) with MAML2. The fusion protein consists of the N-terminus of CRTC1 joined to the C-terminus of MAML2. The reciprocal fusion protein consisting of the N-terminus of MAML2 joined to the C-terminus of CRTC1 has been detected in a small number of mucoepidermoid carcinomas.

PTM

Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation states of Ser-151 are required for regulating transduction of CREB activity. TORCs are inactive when phosphorylated, and active when dephosphorylated at this site. This primary site of phosphorylation is mediated by SIKs (SIK1 and SIK2), is regulated by cAMP and calcium levels and is dependent on the phosphorylation of SIKs by LKB1 (By similarity).