Clathrin is a major protein component of the cytoplasmic face of intracellular organelles, called coated vesicles and coated pits. These specialized organelles are involved in the intracellular trafficking of receptors and endocytosis of a variety of macromolecules. The basic subunit of the clathrin coat is composed of three heavy chains and three light chains. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Full Name
Clathrin Heavy Chain
Function
Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles. Two different adapter protein complexes link the clathrin lattice either to the plasma membrane or to the trans-Golgi network. Acts as component of the TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin complex proposed to contribute to stabilization of kinetochore fibers of the mitotic spindle by acting as inter-microtubule bridge (PubMed:15858577, PubMed:16968737, PubMed:21297582).
The TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin complex is required for the maintenance of kinetochore fiber tension (PubMed:23532825).
Plays a role in early autophagosome formation (PubMed:20639872).
Biological Process
Amyloid-beta clearance by transcytosis Source: ARUK-UCL Antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II Source: Reactome Autophagy Source: UniProtKB-KW Cell division Source: UniProtKB-KW Clathrin coat assembly Source: CAFA Clathrin-dependent endocytosis Source: ARUK-UCL Intracellular protein transport Source: UniProtKB Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance Source: Reactome Low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process Source: Reactome Membrane organization Source: Reactome Mitotic cell cycle Source: UniProtKB Negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process Source: UniProtKB Negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane Source: UniProtKB Osteoblast differentiation Source: UniProtKB Post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport Source: Reactome Receptor internalization Source: BHF-UCL Receptor-mediated endocytosis Source: UniProtKB Regulation of mitotic spindle organization Source: UniProtKB Retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi Source: UniProtKB Transferrin transport Source: BHF-UCL Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway Source: Reactome
Cellular Location
Spindle; Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Coated pit; Melanosome. Cytoplasmic face of coated pits and vesicles. Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV. In complex with TACC3 and CKAP5 (forming the TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin complex) localized to inter-microtubule bridges in mitotic spindles.
Involvement in disease
Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 56 (MRD56): A form of mental retardation, a disorder characterized by significantly below average general intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period.
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