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Mouse Anti-HTT Recombinant Antibody (2E10) (CBMAB-A3781-LY)


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Summary

Host Animal
Mouse
Specificity
Human
Clone
2E10
Antibody Isotype
IgG1, κ
Application
WB, ELISA

Basic Information

Immunogen
HD (NP_002102, 81 a.a. ~ 190 a.a) partial recombinant protein with GST tag. MW of the GST tag alone is 26 KDa.
Specificity
Human
Antibody Isotype
IgG1, κ
Clonality
Monoclonal
Application Notes
The COA includes recommended starting dilutions, optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.

Formulations & Storage [For reference only, actual COA shall prevail!]

Format
Liquid
Purity
> 95% Purity determined by SDS-PAGE.
Storage
Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid repeated freezethaw cycles.

Target

Full Name
HTT
Entrez Gene ID
3064
UniProt ID
P42858
Alternative Names
HD; IT15
Function
Huntingtin:
May play a role in microtubule-mediated transport or vesicle function.

Huntingtin, myristoylated N-terminal fragment:
Promotes the formation of autophagic vesicles.
Biological Process
Apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB-KW
Establishment of mitotic spindle orientation Source: UniProtKB
Golgi organization Source: UniProtKB
Microtubule-based transport Source: GO_Central
Negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of aggrephagy Source: ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Positive regulation of apoptotic process Source: CAFA
Positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion Source: ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Positive regulation of cilium assembly Source: SYSCILIA_CCNET
Positive regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity Source: UniProtKB
Positive regulation of lipophagy Source: ParkinsonsUK-UCL
Protein destabilization Source: CAFA
Regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade Source: ARUK-UCL
Regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity Source: ARUK-UCL
Regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity Source: dictyBase
Retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum Source: UniProtKB
Vesicle transport along microtubule Source: UniProtKB
Vocal learning Source: AgBase
Cellular Location
Huntingtin: Nucleus; Early endosome; Cytoplasm. The mutant Huntingtin protein colocalizes with AKAP8L in the nuclear matrix of Huntington disease neurons. Shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus in a Ran GTPase-independent manner (PubMed:15654337). Recruits onto early endosomes in a Rab5- and HAP40-dependent fashion (PubMed:16476778).
Huntingtin, myristoylated N-terminal fragment: Autophagosome
Involvement in disease
Huntington disease (HD):
A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by involuntary movements (chorea), general motor impairment, psychiatric disorders and dementia. Onset of the disease occurs usually in the third or fourth decade of life. Onset and clinical course depend on the degree of poly-Gln repeat expansion, longer expansions resulting in earlier onset and more severe clinical manifestations. Neuropathology of Huntington disease displays a distinctive pattern with loss of neurons, especially in the caudate and putamen.
Lopes-Maciel-Rodan syndrome (LOMARS):
An autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental regression in infancy, delayed psychomotor development, severe intellectual disability, and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Additional features include swallowing problems, dystonia, bradykinesia, and continuous manual stereotypies without chorea. Some patients manifest seizures.
PTM
Huntingtin:
Cleaved by caspases downstream of the polyglutamine stretch (PubMed:8696339, PubMed:9535906, PubMed:10770929, PubMed:29802276). The resulting N-terminal fragments are cytotoxic and provokes apoptosis (PubMed:10770929).
Huntingtin:
Forms with expanded polyglutamine expansion are specifically ubiquitinated by SYVN1, which promotes their proteasomal degradation.
Huntingtin:
Phosphorylation at Ser-1179 and Ser-1199 by CDK5 in response to DNA damage in nuclei of neurons protects neurons against polyglutamine expansion as well as DNA damage mediated toxicity.
Huntingtin, myristoylated N-terminal fragment:
Myristoylated at Gly-551, following proteolytic cleavage at Asp-550.
More Infomation

Krzystek, T. J., White, J. A., Rathnayake, R., Thurston, L., Hoffmar-Glennon, H., Li, Y., & Gunawardena, S. (2023). HTT (huntingtin) and RAB7 co-migrate retrogradely on a signaling LAMP1-containing late endosome during axonal injury. Autophagy, 19(4), 1199-1220.

Nazarov, S., Chiki, A., Boudeffa, D., & Lashuel, H. A. (2022). Structural basis of huntingtin fibril polymorphism revealed by cryogenic electron microscopy of exon 1 HTT fibrils. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 144(24), 10723-10735.

Ahat, E., Bui, S., Zhang, J., da Veiga Leprevost, F., Sharkey, L., Reid, W., ... & Wang, Y. (2022). GRASP55 regulates the unconventional secretion and aggregation of mutant huntingtin. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 298(8).

Franco-Iborra, S., Plaza-Zabala, A., Montpeyo, M., Sebastian, D., Vila, M., & Martinez-Vicente, M. (2021). Mutant HTT (huntingtin) impairs mitophagy in a cellular model of Huntington disease. Autophagy, 17(3), 672-689.

Bailus, B. J., Scheeler, S. M., Simons, J., Sanchez, M. A., Tshilenge, K. T., Creus-Muncunill, J., ... & Ellerby, L. M. (2021). Modulating FKBP5/FKBP51 and autophagy lowers HTT (huntingtin) levels. Autophagy, 17(12), 4119-4140.

Marxreiter, F., Stemick, J., & Kohl, Z. (2020). Huntingtin lowering strategies. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(6), 2146.

Yang, H., Yang, S., Jing, L., Huang, L., Chen, L., Zhao, X., ... & Li, X. J. (2020). Truncation of mutant huntingtin in knock-in mice demonstrates exon1 huntingtin is a key pathogenic form. Nature communications, 11(1), 2582.

Guo, Q., Huang, B., Cheng, J., Seefelder, M., Engler, T., Pfeifer, G., ... & Kochanek, S. (2018). The cryo-electron microscopy structure of huntingtin. Nature, 555(7694), 117-120.

Thomson, S. B., & Leavitt, B. R. (2018). Transcriptional regulation of the huntingtin gene. Journal of Huntington's Disease, 7(4), 289-296.

Thion, M. S., & Humbert, S. (2018). Cancer: from wild-type to mutant huntingtin. Journal of Huntington's disease, 7(3), 201-208.

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For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.

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