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Rabbit Anti-GLUL Recombinant Antibody (BA0124) (CBMAB-0349CQ)


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Summary

Host Animal
Rabbit
Specificity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Clone
BA0124
Antibody Isotype
IgG
Application
FC, IF, WB

Basic Information

Immunogen
Human Glutamine Synthetase aa 1-100 (N terminal) (Cysteine residue)
Specificity
Human, Mouse, Rat
Antibody Isotype
IgG
Clonality
Monoclonal
Application Notes
The COA includes recommended starting dilutions, optimal dilutions should be determined by the end user.

Formulations & Storage [For reference only, actual COA shall prevail!]

Purity
>95% as determined by analysis by SDS-PAGE
Storage
Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.

Target

Full Name
Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase
Introduction
Glutamine is a main source of energy and is involved in cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and cell signaling (Haberle et al., 2005). Fetal glutamine requirements are very high and depend largely on active glutamine synthesis and the release of glutamine into the fetal circulation by the placenta. Glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2), also called glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL), is expressed throughout the body and plays an important role in controlling body pH and in removing ammonia from the circulation. The enzyme clears L-glutamate, the major neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, from neuronal synapses. This enzyme has 2 functions: it catalyzes the production of glutamine and 4-aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA), the latter in a pyridoxal phosphate-independent manner. Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital glutamine deficiency, and overexpression of this gene was observed in some primary liver cancer samples. There are six pseudogenes of this gene found on chromosomes 2, 5, 9, 11, and 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Entrez Gene ID
Human2752
Mouse14645
Rat24957
UniProt ID
HumanP15104
MouseP15105
RatP09606
Alternative Names
Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Glutamate Decarboxylase; EC 6.3.1.2; GLNS; GS; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase (Glutamine Synthase); Cell Proliferation-Inducing Protein 59; Proliferation-Inducing Protein 43; Glutamate--Ammonia Ligase; Glutamine Synthetase; Glutamine Synthase; EC 4.1.1.15; PIG43; PIG59
Function
Glutamine synthetase that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine (PubMed:30158707, PubMed:16267323).

Its role depends on tissue localization: in the brain, it regulates the levels of toxic ammonia and converts neurotoxic glutamate to harmless glutamine, whereas in the liver, it is one of the enzymes responsible for the removal of ammonia (By similarity).

Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts (PubMed:18662667).

Independently of its glutamine synthetase activity, required for endothelial cell migration during vascular development: acts by regulating membrane localization and activation of the GTPase RHOJ, possibly by promoting RHOJ palmitoylation (PubMed:30158707).

May act as a palmitoyltransferase for RHOJ: able to autopalmitoylate and then transfer the palmitoyl group to RHOJ (PubMed:30158707).

Plays a role in ribosomal 40S subunit biogenesis (PubMed:26711351).
Biological Process
Ammonia assimilation cycle Source: Ensembl
Angiogenesis Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cell population proliferation Source: UniProtKB
Cellular response to starvation Source: Ensembl
Glutamate catabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
Glutamine biosynthetic process Source: GO_Central
Positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of insulin secretion Source: Ensembl
Positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic Source: Ensembl
Protein palmitoylation Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of endothelial cell migration Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of protein localization to nucleolus Source: UniProtKB
Regulation of sprouting angiogenesis Source: UniProtKB
Response to glucose Source: Ensembl
Ribosome biogenesis Source: UniProtKB
Cellular Location
Mitochondrion; Microsome; Cell membrane; Cytosol. Mainly localizes in the cytosol, with a fraction associated with the cell membrane.
Involvement in disease
Congenital systemic glutamine deficiency (CSGD):
Rare developmental disorder with severe brain malformation resulting in multi-organ failure and neonatal death. Glutamine is largely absent from affected patients serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid.
PTM
Palmitoylated; undergoes autopalmitoylation.
Ubiquitinated by ZNRF1.
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For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.

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